Background: Foot ulceration and lower limb amputation are still common complications of Diabetes mellitus (DM). Diabetic foot problems account for more hospitalization days than any other diabetic problem. The main etiologic factors are diabetic neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease. An easy, simple to use and low cost method for screening of diabetic peripheral neuropathy will be very useful.Methods: From May 2003 to May 2004, all diabetic patients (type 1) referred to endocrine clinic of Namazi Hospital were evaluated for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), using the bedside scoring procedure. A score of 3-5 indicated mild, 6-8 moderate, and 9- 10 severe DPN. The perception of vibration, temperature, pinprick and ankle reflex was examined. Tuning fork (128 Hz), neuropen, cold and warm water and reflex hammer were used for evaluation.Findings: In this study we evaluated 80 patients (34 male and 46 female) with type 1 DM, with the age range of 6-31 years (Mean±SD 18.16±5.22 yr). The overall prevalence of DPN was 13.75%: mild in 7.5%, moderate in 5% and severe in 1.25% of the patients. The most common physical finding was the absence of ankle reflex. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the presence of DPN. The prevalence of DPN was significantly associated with age, duration of DM and BMI (P< 0.05). There was no significant correlation with sex, HbAlc, puberty, parental consanguinity and family history of DM.Conclusions: Bedside scoring procedure is a simple, low cost and easy method for screening of DPN in patients with type 1 DM in outpatient clinic. Examination of ankle reflex is very important.It is concluded that the diabetic patients need better follow-up and more education.

The way architects think about different issues from developing plans, perspectives, and views to cross-sections and structure of a building is a common and general one. Regardless of its merits and efficiency, this way of thinking indicates a degradation in architectural thinking. Indeed, architectures today are caught in a specific architecture language where the boundaries of language create boundaries in the architecture’ s world. To step beyond the normal language in architecture, the narration techniques of meta-story text can be used to break the elements of architecture and rebuilt them along new axes. The study is an attempt to change the normal language in architecture design and achieve a new way of facing architectural issues based on the concepts of meta-story. The architecture that we try to achieve is the one that motivates users to explore, move, interact, think, or play. A sort of architecture the spatial narration of which is completed by and whose wider narration is formed by the users. Moreover, each user may have his own interpretation. The study was carried out as a content analysis study based on a comparative and innovative study where a combination of deduction and induction was used. The researcher tried to survey the concepts of meta-story and the relationship between story and the spatial narration of architecture. Throughout the study, different types of structure of narration using the similarities between the two, fields were examined and a new structure for architecture design was achieved. The surveys uncovered a mutual bond between architecture and narration. The structure of post-modern stories featured with parallel and interactive narrations was compared with the structure of designing method in architecture. Through this, the techniques and structure of narration in meta-story text can be used to achieve creativity in designing method.

The present arttic1e studies the styles of narration and the point of view according to the advanced scientific methods in literature (method of jep Lintvelt) and their application in the works of the Iranian and French authors (Bahram Sadeghi, Mohammad Hadi Mohammadi, Samad Behrangi, Houshang Moradi Kermani, and Albert Camus). The last part of the article is a free translation of the book Esaie de Typologie Narrative, Le “point de vue” which is not of course a line to line translation; and in order to help the better understanding of the method of Lintvelt some episodes from the book "Stranger" by Albert Camus have been added.

Strangers' knowledge of eastern culture has an ancient history, specially in Islamic culture. We can also relate its first steps to earlier centuries and further stages reach after crusades. One of orientalists, study areas is Narration which always involved doubt and objection. Goldizahar has the most effectiveness on narration studies, so that it is evident in further orientalists' works.Nowadays, in the information age, the Muslim researchers' neglect has prejudicial effects on muslims' beliefs and weakens religious bases. Here, we discuss the word "Orientation" and the reason of naming orientalists such as Goldizhar. Later, the formation of orientalists' studies in narration is argued and finally four theories about narration and biography of Goldizhar are being studied. Original references are used to analyze his viewpoints and some orientalists disagreements delivered.

Background: Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive fibrosis of the pancreas that leads to loss of endocrine and exocrine function of pancreas. The most common symptom is intractable pain. Which adversely effects quality of life, remains the most common indication for surgery in patients with chronic pancreatitis.Case report: Three patients underwent operations for chronic pancreatitis at the Ghaem hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad, Iran. Indication for operation in all cases was intractable abdominal pain. In all of the three patients complete relief of symptoms was obtained. There was no morbidity and mortality. In one patient exocrine function of pancreas and malabsorpation resolved after surgery. Conclusions: Although chronic pancreatitis is uncommon, but in persistent abdominal pain surgery should be considered. Surgery for patients with chronic pancreatitis can be performed safely with minimal morbidity and effective in control of pain and malabsorption.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common, self-limiting condition. The purpose of this study was to comare the efficacy of canalith repositioning procedure (CRP) and dimenhydrinate in the treatment of BPPV.In this prospective randomised unblinded controlled clinical trial 173 patients (45 men and 128 women) with a clinical diagnosis of BPPV (based on a positive history and Dix- Hallpike maneuver ) were entered into this clinical trial The mean duration of the symptoms was 6 month (range 1-120 months) and the mean age of the patients was 44. 27 years. The patients were randomly allocated to undrgo treatment with either dimenhydrinate, 50mg/tds (n=60), or CRP via Epley's maneuver (n=53), or placebo (n=60). Weekly follow up was done for 3 months to evaluate symptomatic improvement. Accrding to the resulte of this study 92-5% of the patients in the CPR group were symptom free while all of the patients receving dimenhydrinate or placebo had symptoms on followup (P<0.0001). At 3 months 98% of the patients in the CRP group and 17% of the patients in the dimenhydrinate group were satisfied with their respective treatments (P<0.0001). We conclude from our study CRP is significantly superior to dimenhydrinate in the treatment of BPPV.

There are many traditionists who have related the narration of "yaum al-Dar..." (The day of house...). In this article, in addition to a list of the narrators, this tradition is provided in the collections of 12 traditionists; and in every case the chain of the companions and narrators are mentioned.In evaluation of the documents of this tradition, we observe that many Shia and Sunni scholars of tradition have confirmed the accuracy, frequency and excessive appearance of this tradition in the collections of the traditions, and their views are deliberately discussed in the article.

Statement of the Problem: Narratology and its various approaches in the past few decades and the expansion of this new knowledge to the theatrical and visual arts necessitates the addressing of Western scholars` views in this field and a search for the traditions of the narratives in the Iranian works and literature. Comparing these two categories from the anthropological and ontological point of view in the Iranian and Western Weltanschauung is necessary as the basis of these two types of narrations. Therefore, considering the importance and scope of this category in the visual narratives, especially the Iranian cinema, this article has focused on this subject and its causes and reasons. In order to have a rooted and original cinema, it is better to first consider the category of Iranian narration with its ancient and rich history. Purpose: Considering whatever is displayed as a fictional narratives in the Iranian cinema, does it represent the Iranian philosophy and ontology in the narratives? Are the narrations of Iranian cinema an imitation of the Western narrations and the cinematographic patterns? Proposing these basic questions, the anthropological and ontological challenges of these two types of narratives have been addressed. Through implicit comparison of two types of Iranian and Western narratives, it was tried to find differences and oppositions. Moreover in the next stage, it has been tried to propose definitions regarding Iranian narratives and determine its position in the narratology. This was considered as an introduction to the Iranian narratology. Research methodology: This article has been written with a descriptive analytical approach through theoretical documentations. Conclusion: It seems that what is observed in Iranian cinema in the form of visual narratives is often an imitation of the western literary and visual narratives. Except for a few movie makers, most of the Iranian filmmakers have lost sight of the traditions, patterns, and styles of Iranian narratives being based on the spirit and philosophy of the Iranian narratives. In order to have a cinema with its own identity and narration of the human being and the world, the literary and narratives traditions should be recognized, so that a cinema based on the Iranian ontology that has been originated from the ancient Iranian Islamic philosophy, is resulted.

In narrating a tale, the following questions such as who the author is, whether he differs from the narrator, what the angle of vision is, the author’s viewpoint and other issues like these are of prime importance for the technical success of the story, its understanding and its perpetual connection to the overall meaning of the story. Stendhal is one of the greatest writers of the 19th century in the French literature whose fame is for his specific manner of narration in writing successful novels. The purpose of this article is to provide reasons for the popularity of his stories, to discuss and analyze different perspectives in narrating a story, to compare his works with those of Balzac, another genius in writing novels and finally to study and distinguish Stendhal as a writer of the story and as a narrator inside his narrative using the new science of narratology.